The advantages of fuel cells

The advantages of fuel cells

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Fuel cell power generation compared with other unique advantages.

And high efficiency. Without fuel cell power generation from geothermal energy to mechanical energy again to the conversion process, there is no link in the middle of the energy loss. At present, thermal power or nuclear power is the highest efficiency of 40 percent, while the fuel cell power generation efficiency is generally 40% ~ 60%. High melting temperature carbonate and solid electrolyte type fuel cells dell battery, emissions of heat can also be used for the second generation. The use of waste heat for heating or combined together for power generation, fuel cell utilization efficiency up to 70% ~ 80%.

Flexibility. Fuel cell power generation device is composed of a number of basic units. A basic unit is a two folder electrolyte electrode plate. The basic unit will be assembled hundreds of them would constitute a battery pack, battery pack and then together to form a power station. Can be flexible depending on the needs of different size to the assembly of fuel cell power plant. The basic unit of fuel cell design standards can carry out large-scale pre-production, so the fuel cell power plant construction and low cost, short construction cycle. In addition, as a result of fuel-cell light weight, small size, high specific power, relatively easy to move up, so it is particularly suitable in remote areas or islands to build power stations, or build a distributed power plant.

Fuel diversity. Although the fuel cell hydrogen is mainly the work of the material, but it can be used for fuel gas, methanol, liquefied petroleum gas and other hydrocarbons. According to the actual situation, in line with local conditions to use a different fuel, or combination of different fuel use, can reach local materials, to save resources.

Pollution-free. The main product of fuel cells is water, essentially non-emission of harmful gases, it is a very clean source of energy. It is reported that a number of fuel cell emissions of harmful gases in the United States national standards for environmental protection by two orders of magnitude lower. In addition, the fuel cell is a stationary power generation, has no mechanical transmission device, only in the control system and other auxiliary devices have moving parts, thus it is the work of a small vibration, low noise.

Due to high cost of fuel cell, generating cost-effective as other methods do not, we can not get the promotion. Therefore, only the cost of significantly reduced and further enhance the service life, fuel cells will enhance their competitiveness. According to the U.S. departments of statistics, when the construction cost of 3 U.S. dollars per watt hours (1994 has reached), the fuel cell will be able to enter the market; when reduced to about 2 U.S. dollars, can be in remote areas as an independent power generating system; When reduced to about one U.S. dollars, the market will expand rapidly. 1 U.S. dollars to achieve this goal, it is necessary to the life of fuel cells will be increased to 40,000 hours.

The development of fuel cells is now very fast speed. In accordance with national plans, by 2000, Japan’s fuel cell power output will be close to 2200 megawatts, the United States will reach 500 megawatts in 2000, Europe will reach 500 ~ 900 MW. By 2010, the world’s total installed capacity of fuel cells will reach 60,000 MW. As a new type of fuel cell energy, is still relatively high cost, long life is not enough, power is still relatively small. However, with the depth of the research work, these problems will be solved. Many scientists believe that the era of knowledge economy in the 21st century, fuel cells will account for in the field of energy in a pivotal position, therefore, have the fourth-generation power technologies, research and development of fuel cells with the significance of the next century.

Dianchi Lake every year 100,000 tons of refuse what way


Dianchi Lake salvage garbage placed where it? Dianchi Lake every day along the flow of garbage to deal with the future, what will? This reporter visited the HKMA Kunming Yunnan, Kunming Environmental Protection Bureau, Kunming sanitation experts monitoring center after that, a massive clean-up campaign refuse Dianchi Lake basin has been fully launched in the next few days, but the inflow of garbage along the Dianchi Lake how to deal with, it is worth exploring one of the new problems.

Refuse disposal sites will be built lake

Kunming, Yunnan Province, according to the HKMA person in charge, the current agricultural non-point source pollution of Dianchi Lake pollution accounts for 40 percent, and 15 lake township agricultural population of about 700,000 people, an annual output of 100,000 tons solid waste per day about 280 tons. Collected as a result of the lack of lake township removal treatment systems, the main river into the lake and piles of refuse, garbage dumping in rural areas has become the main channel, garbage and sewage directly or indirectly discharged into Dianchi Lake.

To strengthen the management of garbage lake, early this month, the Government of Kunming Dianchi Lake basin has seven districts and counties, as well as municipal government departments to sign “comprehensive management of the target Dianchi responsibility”, 7 District Government and the township (street offices) signed responsibility and the responsibility to establish the risk of mortgage system objectives pc764 battery, tc030 battery. 19, Chenggong County, first of all towns and districts have made the preparation of the 60 Board responsible to pay 120,000 gold Dianchi management responsibility to set an example, caused great shock in the county. Lake of the four districts and counties clear 15 township counties (districts) long and township (town) responsible for long as the first in 15 villages and towns to manage the establishment of Dianchi Lake, Lake area is responsible for the maintenance of cleaning the river, rural solid waste the work of removal and disposal of objects. Can not be completed on the responsibility of evaluation indicators, and will not be paid bonuses year-end appraisal, the risk of mortgage payment will also be turned over to the financial.

Followed by the district government, will be 15 in the lake township (street offices) to build agricultural solid waste disposal site 5, each village to build a refuse collection point 1-3 months to build about 700, with 32 removal trucks. These efforts will be completed this year, 1 / 3, complete next year.

Kunming landfill operation overload

Kunming Kunming sanitation and Environmental Protection Monitoring Center of the persons concerned that the current waste disposal area in Kunming City, particularly in the technology and cost, there are some insurmountable difficulties.

It is understood that the landfill, incineration power generation, high-temperature composting is now usually three kinds of waste, but all have their pros and cons of each approach. Landfill garbage is more of the principal means of its shortcomings is an area landfill, and the use of a short time (generally 10 years), high cost, especially in the treatment of landfill leachate has become a from all walks of life he could do nothing but pay close attention to the problem; and waste incineration power generation, it is characterized by a significant volume reduction through incineration to reduce the volume of garbage to make half or more, but the drawback is that the recoverable resources burned, releasing toxic gas, such as dioxins, mercury batteries, such as steam, and produce toxic and hazardous slag and dust; and high-temperature composting of organic need people to separate garbage and other refuse, and some analysts pointed out that it is actually relatively low efficiency, by sale and use of constraints inconvenience.

Monitoring Center, according to a sanitation engineer, the Kunming area currently two things landfill construction scale a total of more than 500, with a total investment of nearly 200 million, was designed daily capacity of 1500 tons, while the actual is overloaded, two each day, “eat,” 2300 tons solid waste, both in May 2001 into the use of the landfill site, originally expected useful life of 6 years to 3 years now time, has removed most of the space.

Dianchi who refuse disposal “bill”

For many years engaged in a senior engineer of environmental engineering calculations to press accounts, in theory, to deal with a ton of garbage to take up to 30 plurality, but far from fees and funding can not meet this requirement.

Landfill in the eastern suburbs as an example, 1300 tons of refuse daily, one-year deal with the cost of nearly 1,500 million, together with the financial allocations and charges may only reach over 200 million, making the landfill Kunming “stretched.” It is reported that the current waste disposal charges in Kunming still uses the old standard, government organizations and institutions to collect 60 per tonne, 20 Enterprise, residents 5 yuan per day, but the actual collection rate is very low, and the gap are in need of financial subsidies .

The Engineering pointed out that generally, to build a large landfill plant will take 1-2 billion, to build a large-scale take more than 20 million, and then told reporters he has a case in point: In May last year, hubbub of the units to be 3 to the joint venture was to invest 40 million U.S. dollars, to establish the first waste incineration power plant, but because of various reasons the project more than 1 year did not seem to have happened since, ibm battery, and 08k8192 battery. According to the senior engineers estimated that out of proportion to the input and the actual recovery may be one of the reasons why the project move forward.

Caohai Dianchi Lake Basin to watch women’s collections a year to 10 tons of garbage, the senior engineers are very worried about: “management of pollution in Dianchi Lake were his own, everyone must ask yourself what to do?”